The checking, whether the computer like the person is capable to operate: the approach based on use of the test of Turing
The Turing test by Alan Turing, has been developed as satisfactory functional definition of intelligence. Turing has decided that there is no sense to develop the extensive list of the requirements necessary for creation of artificial intelligence which besides can appear inconsistent, and has offered the test, based that the behavior of the object possessing artificial intelligence, finally it will be impossible to distinguish from behavior such undoubtedly intellectual entities, as human beings.
The computer successfully will pass this test if the person-experimenter who has asked to it in written form certain questions, can’t define, whether written answers from other person or from some device are received.
Let’s notice that the problem decision on drawing up of the program for the computer so that it has passed this test, demands great volume of work. The computer programmed this way should possess the possibilities listed lower.
Means of processing of texts in natural languages (Natural Language Processing—NLP), allowing successfully to communicate with the computer, let’s say in English.
Means of representation of knowledge with which help the computer can write down in memory what it will learn or will read.
Means of automatic formation of the logic conclusions, providing the possibility to use saved information for search of answers to questions and making of the new conclusions.
Means of machine training which allow to adapt to new circumstances and also to find out and extrapolate signs of standard situations.
In Turing’s test the direct physical interaction of the experimenter and the computer is excluded on purpose, because for artificial intelligence creation physical imitation of the person isn’t required. But in so-called full test of Turing, the video signal use is provided, so that the experimenter could check up abilities of the examinee of object to perception, and also had possibility to present physical objects «in an incomplete kind» (to pass them «through shading»).
To pass the full test of Turing, the computer should possess the abilities listed below.
Machine sight for perception of objects.
Means of a robotics for a manipulation of objects and moving in the space.
Six directions of the researches listed above, make the basic part of artificial intelligence, and Turing deserves our gratitude that he has offered such test which hasn’t lost the importance and in 50 years. Nevertheless, the researchers of artificial intelligence , practically aren’t engaged in the decision of a problem of passage of the Turing test , considering that it is much more important to study basic principles of intelligence, than duplicate one of the carriers of natural intelligence.
In particular, the problem of «artificial flight was managed to be solved successfully only after brothers Right and other researchers have ceased to simulate birds and have started aerodynamics studying. In scientific and technical works on aeronautics the purpose of this field of knowledge isn’t defined as «the creation of cars which in the flight remind pigeons so much, that even can deceive the real birds ».
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